Exploring a Model for Explaining the Loneliness of Girl and Boy Students Based on the Dark Triad: Studying the mediating Role of Love Styles

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Kazerun Salman Farsi University, Kazerun, Iran (Corresponding author)

2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

3 Master Student of Psychology, , Kazerun Salman Farsi University, Kazerun, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of predicting students' loneliness based on dark personality traits and mediation of love styles. The method of this study was correlation of path analysis type. 551 students (295 girl and 256 boys) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method from Sari universities and responded to the Dark Triad Questionnaire (Jonason & Webster), Love Attitude Scale (Hendrick, Hendrick, & Dick) and Lonliness Scale (Russel, Peplau, & Cutrona). Data were analyzed using path analysis statistical method and AMOS software. Findings showed that in the sample of girl students, antisocial trait influenced the loneliness through mediating the erotic love, and in the case of boys students, narcissism trait was effective on loneliness through mediating of manic love style. Therefore, in general, it can be said that at least part of the relationship between the three dark traits of personality and loneliness in young non-clinical samples can be justified by the mediating effect of different attitudes to romantic relationships

Keywords


Botwin, M., Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Personality and mate preferences: Five factors in mate selection and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality, 65, 107–136.
Buss, D. M. (1991). Conflict in married couples: Personality predictors of anger and upset. Journal of Personality, 59, 663–688.
Cramer, K., Marcus, J., Pomerleau, C & Gillard, K. (2015). Gender Invariance in the Love Attitudes Scale based on Lee’s Color Theory of Love. Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 22(3), 403-413.
Davarpanah, F. (1995). Standardization of Revised Version of UCLA Loneliness Scale for Yousef 18-8 Girls in Tehran. Master thesis in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Alameh Tabatabaee University. (Persian)
Davies, M. F. (1996). EPQ correlates of love styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 20(2), 257-259.
De Bruyn, E. H., & Cillessen, A. H. (2006). Popularity in Early Adolescence: Prosocial and Antisocial Subtypes. Journal of Adolescents Research, 21(6), 607-627.
Figueredo, A.J., Vasquez, G., Brumbach, B.H., Sefcek, J.A., Kirsner, B.R., & Jacobs, W.J. (2005). The K-factor: Individual differences in life history strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 1349-1360.
Fricker, J., & Moore, S. (2002). Relationship satisfaction: The role of love styles and attachment styles. Current Research in Social Psychology, 7(11), 182-204.
Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). The Dark Triad of Personality: A 10 Year Review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(3), 199–216.
Furnham, A., & Trickey, G. (2011). Sex differences in the dark side traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 517–522.
Gana, K., Saada, Y., & Untas, A. (2013). Effects of love styles on marital satisfaction in heterosexual couples: A dyadic approach. Marriage and Family Review, 49(8), 754-772.
Graziano, W. G., & Tobin, R. M. (2009). Agreeableness. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (p. 46–61). The Guilford Press.
Hahn, J., & Blass, T. (1997). Dating partner preferences: A function of similarity of love styles. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 12, 595–610.
Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review. 26, 695-718.
Hendrick, C., Hendrick, S. S., & Dicke, A. (1998). The Love Attitude Scale: Short form. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 147- 159.
Jakobwitz, S., & Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 331-339.
Jokar, B., & Rostami, (2014). The relationship between family communication orientations and loneliness: The mediating role of spiritual identity. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 4(2), 1-18. (Persian)
Jonason, P. K., & Kavangah, P. (2010). The dark side of love: Love styles and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 606-610.
Jonason, P. K., Koenig, B., & Tost, J. (2010). Living a Fast Life: The Dark Triad and Life History Theory. Human Nature, 21, 428-442.
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., & Buss, D. M. (2010). The costs and benefits of the Dark Triad: Implications for mate poaching and mate retention tactics. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 373-378.
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., Webster, G. D., & Schmitt, D. P. (2009). The Dark Triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy in men. European Journal of Personality, 23, 5-18.
Jonason, P. K., Norman, P., Webster, G. D., & Schmitt, D. P. (2009). The Dark Triad: Facilitating a Short-Term Mating Strategy in men. European Journal of Personality, 23(1), 5–18.
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2011). Differentiating the dark triad within the interpersonal circumplex. In L. M. Horowitz & S. Strack, Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 249-269). New York: Wiley & Sons.
Mallandian, I., & Davies, M. F. (1994). The colors of love: Personality correlates of love styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 17(4), 557-560.
Mirdrikvand, F., Panahi, H., & Hoseyni Ramaghani, N. (2016). Loneliness of the elderly: The role of commincation skills, social support and functional and functional disability. Journal of Aging Psychology, 2, 103-113.
Mohammad Poore, K., Amraee, Y., & Mohammad Poore, M. (2016).To examine the relationship styles of sex with mental health of working women township Romeshgan. International Conference on Psychology, Educational and Behavioral Sciences, 12-13 July, Tehran, Iran. (Persian)
Montgomery, M. J., & Sorell, G. T. (1997). Differences in love attitudes across family life stages. Family Relations, 46, 55–61.
Murstein, B. I., Merighi, J. R., & Vyse, S. A. (1991). Love styles in the United States and France: Across-cultural comparison. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 37-46.
Nabawi Hasar, K., Arefi, M., & Yousefi, N. (2014). The Effectiveness of Family therapy with emphasiz Bowen emotion System on love styles and Intimacy in women. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 4(2), 83-98. (Persian)
Paulhus, D. L., & Willliams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556-563.
Rajabi, Gh., Abbasi, G., & Khojaste Mehr, R. (2012). Do girls are more pragmatic than Boys? Comparing love styles among students. Quarterly Journal of Psychological Models and Methods, 10(3), 95-106. 
Rahimzadeh, S., & Bayat, M., & Anari, A. (2010). Loneliness and social self-efficacy in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 6(22), 87-96. (Persian)
Rohmann, E., Führer, A., & Bierhoff, H. W. (2016). Relationship Satisfaction across European Cultures: The Role of Love Styles. Cross-Cultural Research, 50(2), 178-211.
Russel, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480.
Spain, S. M., Harms, P. D., & Lebreton, J. M. (2013). The dark side of personality at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, 541-560.
Taghavi Dinani, P., Zarbakhsh, M., Samkhaniyan, E., Hamidi, M., & Arkiyan, F. (2014). Study on the relationship between love attitudes and marital satisfaction among married women. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 3(3), 468-474.
Vize, C. E., Collison, K. L., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2020). The “core” of the dark triad: A test of competing hypotheses. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 11(2), 91–99.
Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the dark triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(7), 794-799.
Yousefi, N., Beshlideh, K., Isanejad, O., Shirbeigi, N., & Etemadi, O. (2011). The relationship between loving styles and marital quality in married couples. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 1(1), 21-36. (Persian)
Yousefi, R., & Piri, F. (2016). Psychometric properties of Persian version of Dirty Dozen Scale. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 22(1), 67-76. (Persian)
Vedes, A., Hilpert, P., Nussbeck, F., Randall, A. K., Bodenmann, G., & Lind, W. R. (2016). Love styles, coping, and relationship satisfaction: A dyadic approach. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23(1), 84-97.
Vernon, P. A., Villani, V. C., Vickers, L. C., Harris, J. A. (2008). A behavioral genetic investigation of the dark triad and big-five. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 445-452.
Zhang, W., Zou, H., Wang, M., & Finy, M. S. (2015). The role of the Dark Triad and two constructs of emotional intelligence on loneliness in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 74-79.