نقش تعدیل‌کننده سن و جنسیت در رابطه بین هوش هیجانی با ترس از تجرد در دانشجویان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 . استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی و مشاوره، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دکتری مشاوره، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

نگرانی در مورد بازماندن از ازدواج و قرار گرفتن در تجرد قطعی منجر به پدید آمدن یکی از مشکلات روانشناختی به نام ترس از تجرد شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش تعدیل­کننده سن و جنسیت در رابطه بین هوش هیجانی با ترس از تجرد در دانشجویان انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی-همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری موردپژوهش کلیه دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران در سال تحصیلی 400-1399 بود که از میان آن­ها تعداد 415 نفر به روش نمونه­گیری در دسترس به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل مقیاس ترس از تجرد اسپیلمان (2013) و مقیاس هوش هیجانی بار-آن (1997) بود که توزیع و تکمیل آن­ها به روش برخط انجام شد. داده­های پژوهش با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و آزمون روش تعدیلی هایس در نرم‌افزار 25SPSS- تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نشان داد که سن رابطه بین هوش هیجانی با ترس از تجرد را تعدیل می­کند؛ ولی جنسیت در رابطه بین هوش هیجانی با ترس از تجرد نقش تعدیل­­گر ندارد. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر، رابطه بین هوش هیجانی با ترس از تجرد فراتر از یک رابطه خطی ساده است و می­توان با ارائه برنامه­ها و مداخلات مبتنی بر تقویت هوش هیجانی در جهت پیشگیری و درمان ترس از تجرد گام نهاد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The moderating role of age and gender in the relationship between emotional intelligence and fear of being single in students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Darba 1
  • somayeh shahmoradi 2
  • Soleiman Ahmadboukani 3
1 PhD Student in Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 P. PhD in Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Worrying about not getting married and ending up in absolute being single has led to the emergence of a psychological problem called the fear of being single. The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of age and gender in the relationship between emotional intelligence and the fear of being single in college students. The study was conducted using a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all students of the University of Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. A total of 415 people were selected as the sample using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included Spielman’s Fear of Being Single Scale (FOBS) (2013) and Bar-On’s Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) (1997), which were distributed and completed online. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Hayes’ adjustment method with SPSS-25 software. The results of statistical analysis showed that age moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and the fear of being single. However, gender does not play a moderating role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and the fear of being single. According to the results of the present study, the relationship between emotional intelligence and the fear of being single is more than a simple linear relationship, and it is possible to take steps to prevent and treat the fear of being single by developing programs and interventions based on strengthening emotional intelligence.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fear of Being Single
  • Emotional Intelligence
  • Marriage
  • Age
  • Gender

مراجع

Adamczyk, K. (2017). Direct and indirect effects of relationship status through satisfaction with relationship status and fear of being single on Polish young adults' well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.056
Adamczyk, K., Trepanowski, R., Celejewska, A., Kosińska, J., Mamot, A., Palczewska, M., & Rodziejczak, K. (2019). The Polish adaptation and further validation of the Fear of Being Single Scale (FBSS). Current Psychology, 40, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00192-2
Afzali Goruh, S., Nazari, A. M., & Zahrakar, K. (2020). Investigating the consequences of over 30-year-old girls not getting married in Kerman. Journal of Lifestyle, 6(1), 117-144. (Persian). DOI: 20.1001.1.24763101.1399.6.1.7.1
Ahmad, S., Bangash, H., & Khan, S. A. (2009). Emotional intelligence and gender differences. Sarhad J. Agric, 25(1), 127-130.
Aigoro, M. H. (2018). The Impact Relationship Factors Have on Single Mothers' Fear of Being Single and Dependency. Capella University.
atashafrouz, A. (2017). Study of the relationship model of family function and problematic Internet with the mediating of self-control and emotional intelligence. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling,7(1), 65-80. DOI: 10.22055/jac.2017.21650.1438
Bar-On, R. (1997). The emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i): A test of emotional intelligence. multi-health systems. Inc., Toronto.
Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18, 13-25.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17295953/
Bar-On, R. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integral part of positive psychology. South African Journal of Psychology, 40(1), 54-62.   DOI:10.1177/008124631004000106
Cabello, R., Sorrel, M. A., Fernández-Pinto, I., Extremera, N., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2016). Age and gender differences in ability emotional intelligence in adults: A cross-sectional study. Developmental psychology, 52(9), 1486- 1492.  DOI:10.1037/dev0000191
Cole, M. L. (1999). The experience of never-married women in their thirties who desire marriage and children. Doctoral dissertation, Institute for Clinical Social Work.
DePaulo, B. (2014). A singles studies perspective on mount marriage. Psychological Inquiry, 25(1), 64-68.  https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.878173
Deshiri, G. (2003). Normization of Bar-an emotional intelligence questionnaire to evaluate different aspects of emotional intelligence of Tehran university students. Master's thesis in psychology, Allameh Tabatabai Faculty. (Persian)
Fakorede, M. B. (2019). Emotional Intelligence and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation, Dublin, National College of Ireland).
Fariselli, L., Ghini, M., & Freedman, J. (2008). Age and emotional intelligence. Six Seconds: The Emotional Intelligence Network, 22, 1-10.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265192824
Farrell, D. C. (2018). What's Wrong with Being Single: Lowered Relational Value Bias Toward Single People (Doctoral dissertation, Loyola University Chicago).
Ferguson, M. L. (2016). Vulnerability by Marriage: Okin's Radical Feminist Critique of Structural Gender Inequality. Hypatia, 31(3), 687-703.  DOI: 10.1111/hypa.12263
Fisher, J. E., Sass, S. M., Heller, W., Silton, R. L., Edgar, J. C., Stewart, J. L., & Miller, G. A. (2010). Time course of processing emotional stimuli as a function of perceived emotional intelligence, anxiety, and depression. Emotion, 10(4), 486-497.  DOI:10.1037/a0018691
Fonseca, P. N. D., Gouveia, V. V., Santos, J. L. F. D., Couto, R. N., & Coelho, G. L. D. H. (2017). Psychometric and validity evidence of the Fear of Being Single Scale. Trends in Psychology, 25(4), 1499-1510. https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2017.4-02Pt
Gruetzmacher, A. M. (2001). The lived experience of being single for the never-married woman over age thirty. The University of Arizona.
Hadden, B. W., Agnew, C. R., & Tan, K. (2018). Commitment readiness and relationship formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(8), 1242-1257.  https://doi.org/10.1177/014616721876466
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications.
Hughes, J. (2015). The decentring of couple relationships? An examination of young adults living alone. Journal of Sociology, 51(3), 707-721.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783314527656
Jackson, J. B. (2018). The ambiguous loss of singlehood: Conceptualizing and treating singlehood ambiguous loss among never-married adults. Contemporary family therapy, 40(2), 210-222.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-018-9455-0
Karimi, S., Kazemi, M., Hassankhani, H., & Kazemi, S. (2011). Comparison of demographic characteristics of couples facing divorce and normal couples in Sirjan city in 2011. Community Health, 4(3), 42-49. (Persian) https:// https://chj.rums.ac.ir/article_45596.html
Khojaste Mehr, R., Mohammadi, A., & Abbaspour, Z. (2016). Background theory of the formation process of attitude towards marriage: a qualitative study. Qualitative Science Research in Health, 6(3), 343-354. (Persian)  https:// https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90904.html
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford publications.
Kurniawan, L. S. (2019). Emotional Intelligence and Marital Decision: Study on Bali Family Center Clinic, Denpasar-Bali. International Journal of Health Sciences, 3(2), 11-20.   https://doi.org/10.29332/ijhs.v3n2.287
Malouff, J. M., Schutte, N. S., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2014). Trait emotional intelligence and romantic relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42(1), 53-66. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01926187.2012.748549
Moeller, R. W., Seehuus, M., & Peisch, V. (2020). Emotional intelligence, belongingness, and mental health in college students. Frontiers in psychology, 11(93), 1-10.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00093
mokhtari, S., yosefi, Z., & Manshaee, G. (2021). Identification of the Marriage Delay Phenomenon in Girls: A Grounded Theory. Journal of Applied Family Therapy, 2(2), 46-66. (Persian) DOI: 10.22034/AFTJ.2021.284513.1082
Molaie, E., asayesh, H., taghva kish, B., & ghorbani, M. (2012). Gender Difference and Emotional Intelligence in Golestan University ‌of Medical Sciences’ Students. J Res Dev Nurs Midw, 8(2), 30-34. (Persian)     http://nmj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-157-fa.html
Morris, W. L., DePaulo, B. M., Hertel, J., & Taylor, L. C. (2008). Singlism—Another problem that has no name: Prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination against singles.  The psychology of modern prejudice, 14(2), 165–194.  https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-22179-008
Nasir, M., & Masrur, R. (2010). An exploration of emotional intelligence of the students of IIUI in relation to gender, age and academic achievement. Bulletin of education and research, 32(1), 37-51. https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-FILES/3-Revised_Article.pdf
Nozari, Q., & Liaghatdar, M. J. (2022). Study and Comparison of Emotional Intelligence Components Based on Gender and Field of Study and its Relationship with Academic Performance of Students. New Approach in Educational Sciences, 4(2), 94-102.  (Persian)  DOI: 10.22034/NAES.2022.328400.1173
parvin, S., felegari, Z., & kiani, M. (2017). Life Experiences of Girls Facing Delayed Marriage and the Typology of its Coping Strategy. Journal of Social Work Research, 4(12), 185-240. (Persian)   https://doi.org/10.22054/rjsw.2017.10040
Rezadoust, K., & Mombeni, I. (2011). The Relationship of Income, Graduation and other Variables with Delay in Marriage among Single Employed Woman. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 1(1), 103-120.  https:// https://jac.scu.ac.ir/article_10266.html?lang=en
Shahanavaz, S., & Azam azadeh, M. (2019). A Meta-synthesis of Singleness Studies in Iran. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 16(4), 43-78. (Persian)  DOI: 10.22051/JWSPS.2019.22028.1823
Sharp, E. A., & Ganong, L. (2011). “I’ma loser, I’m not married, let’s just all look at me”: Ever-single women’s perceptions of their social environment. Journal of Family Issues, 32(7), 956-980.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10392537
Spielmann, S. S., MacDonald, G., Joel, S., & Impett, E. A. (2016). Longing for ex‐partners out of fear of being single. Journal of personality, 84(6), 799-808.  DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12222
Spielmann, S. S., MacDonald, G., Maxwell, J. A., Joel, S., Peragine, D., Muise, A., & Impett, E. A. (2013). Settling for less out of fear of being single. Journal of personality and social psychology, 105(6), 1049-1073.  https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034628
Spielmann, S. S., Maxwell, J. A., MacDonald, G., Peragine, D., & Impett, E. A. (2020). The predictive effects of fear of being single on physical attractiveness and less selective partner selection strategies. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(1), 100-123.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407519856701
Tanhaye Reshvanloo, F., Jami, R., & Kimiaei, S, A. (2020) Psychometric Characteristics of Fear of Being Single Scale. Rooyesh; 9 (6), 1-10. (Persian)  DOI: 20.1001.1.2383353.1399.9.6.9.2
مشاوره کاربردی
دوره 13، شماره 2
دی 1402
صفحه 1-15

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 آذر 1402

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار