فراسوی از دست دادن جنین؛ تجربه زیسته مردان متاهل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دکترای مشاوره، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد،ایران

10.22055/jac.2024.46556.2025

چکیده

سقط جنین نه تنها یک رویداد پزشکی است که یک رویداد روانی نیز می‌باشد. موضوع سقط جنین در اغلب جوامع مسکوت مانده و به عنوان یک موضوع تابو در نظر گرفته می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تجربه زیسته مردان متاهلی بود که همسران آنها سقط جنین غیرعمدی داشته اند و در سال 1402 در استان لرستان و شهر خرم آباد زندگی می کردند. روش پژوهش حاضر، روش تحقیق کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی  بود. شرکت‌کنندگان با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری نمونه گیری غیرتصادفی هدفمند، انتخاب شدند. فرایند نمونه‌گیری تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت و با 10 نفر از مردان متاهل مصاحبه شد. داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از روش توصیفی جیورجی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. واکاوی تجربیات زیسته مصاحبه‌شوندگان در زمینه چگونگی مواجهه با سقط غیرعمدی جنین  منجر به شناسایی 10 جزء تشکیل‌دهنده گردید که شامل احساس غمگینی و خلق پایین، سرزنش و تقصیر، دلبستگی و فقدان، نقش حمایتی مردان، اعتقادات مذهبی، نابودی رویا، تعارضات زناشویی، استفاده از خدمات مشاوره ای، حمایت اجتماعی و راهکارهای خودمراقبتی بود. در مجموع می‌توان گفت تجربه مشارکت کنندگان نشان‌دهنده تأثیر عمیق این رویداد بر روند زندگی زناشویی زوجین بوده است و سازگاری با این تجربه از طریق حمایت خانواده، باورهای مذهبی و ... می‌تواند به پذیرش این موضوع و گذر از این دوران به افراد کمک نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Beyond miscarriage, the lived experience of married men

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahareh Habibi 1
  • sara azadifard 1
  • Masoud Sadeghi 2
1 Phd in Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Shahid Chamran of Ahwaz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculity of Literature and Humanities Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

miscarriage is not only a medical event but also a psychological event. The subject of Miscarriage remains silent in most societies and is considered a taboo subject. The purpose of this research was to investigate the lived experience of married men whose wives had an unintentional Miscarriage and who lived in the city of Khorramabad and Lorestan province in 1402. The present research method was a qualitative research method of phenomenological type. The participants were selected using a purposive non-random sampling method. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was reached and 10 married men were interviewed. The obtained data were analyzed using Giorgi's descriptive method. Analyzing the lived experiences of the interviewees in the field of how to deal with unintentional Miscarriage led to the identification of 10 constitutive components, which include feelings of sadness and low mood, blame and guilt, attachment and loss, the supportive role of men, religious beliefs, destruction of dreams, marital conflicts, use of Counseling services, social support and self-care solutions. In general, it can be said that the experience of the participants has shown the deep impact of this event on the marital life of couples, and adaptation to this experience through family support, religious beliefs, etc. can help people to accept this issue and pass through this period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • miscarriage
  • married men
  • lived experience
  • phenomenology
Abdi, b. (2013). Phenomenological research method, theoretical foundations and practical strategies. Address:http://www.alinline.com/post/phenomonological-research-method.aspx. [Persian]
Adolfsson, A., Larsson, P. G., Wijma, B., & Berterö, C. (2004). Guilt and emptiness: women's experiences of miscarriage. Health care for women international, 25(6), 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399330490444821.
Allahdadian, M., & Irajpour, A. (2015). The role of religious beliefs in pregnancy loss. Journal of education and health promotion, 4, 99. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.171813.
Anderson, G. M. (2023). Men’s Experience of Miscarriage: Coping with the Loss of a Life and Future.
Baird, S., Gagnon, M. D., deFiebre, G., Briglia, E., Crowder, R., & Prine, L. (2018). Women’s experiences with early pregnancy loss in the emergency room: A qualitative study. Sexual & reproductive healthcare16, 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2018.03.001
Beutel, M., Willner, H., Deckardt, M., Von Rad, M. & Weiner, H. (1996). Similarities and differences in couples’ grief reactions following a miscarriage: Results from a longitudinal study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40(3), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(95)00520-X.
Biabangard, A. (2012). Research methods in psychology and educational sciences. Volume 1, Tehran, Doran. [Persian]
Boryri, T., Navidian, A., & Zehi, F. H. (2020). Assessing the effect of self-care education on anxiety and depression among pregnant women with a history of spontaneous abortion. Journal of education and health promotion, 9. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_465_20
Boss, P. (2004). Ambiguous loss. In F. Walsh & M. McGoldrick (Eds.), Living beyond loss: Death in the family (2nd ed., 237–246). Norton.
Boss, P., Roos, S., & Harris, D. L. (2021). Grief in the midst of ambiguity and uncertainty: An exploration of ambiguous loss and chronic sorrow. In Grief and bereavement in contemporary society (pp. 163-175). Routledge.
Brier, N. (2008). Grief following miscarriage: A comprehensive review of the literature. Journal of Women’s Health, 17(3), 451–464. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2007.0505
Colon, E. J. (2008). Paternal experiences after a perinatal loss (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina).
Coleman, P. K., Rue, V. M., & Coyle, C. T. (2009). Induced abortion and intimate relationship quality in the Chicago Health and Social Life Survey. Public health123(4), 331-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2009.01.005.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design. Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dugas, C., & Slane, V. H. (2021). Miscarriage. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing
Freidenfelds, L. (2020). The myth of the perfect pregnancy: A history of miscarriage in America. Oxford University Press, USA.
Giorgi, A. (1989). One type of analysis of descriptive data: Procedures involved in following a scientific phenomenological method. Methods1(3), 39-61.
Giorgi, A. (2009). The descriptive phenomenological method in psychology: A modified Husserlian approach. Duquesne university press.
Giorgi, A. P., & Giorgi, B. M. (2003). The descriptive phenomenological psychological method.
Griebel, C. P., Halvorsen, J., Golemon, T. B., & Day, A. A. (2005). Management of spontaneous abortion. American family physician72(7), 1243-1250.
Harty, T., Trench, M., Keegan, O., O'Donoghue, K., & Nuzum, D. (2022). The experiences of men following recurrent miscarriage in an Irish tertiary hospital: A qualitative analysis. Health Expectations, 25(3), 1048-1057. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13452.
Hajek, K. (2021). The Interplay of Having an Abortion, Relationship Satisfaction, and Union Dissolution. Comparative Population Studies46.
Jones, K., Robb, M., Murphy, S. & Davies, A. (2019). New understandings of fathers’ experiences of grief and loss following stillbirth and neonatal death: a scoping review. Midwifery, 79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.10253.
Katz, J. (2019). Supporting Women Coping with Emotional Distress after Abortion. Professional Counselor9(2), 100-108.
Kong, G. W. S., Chung, T. K. H., Lai, B. P. Y., & Lok, I. H. (2010). Gender comparison of psychological reaction after miscarriage—a 1‐year longitudinal study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology117(10), 1211-1219. https://obgyn.onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02653.x
Markin, R. D. (2017). An introduction to the special section on psychotherapy for pregnancy loss: Review of issues. Clinical Applications, and Future Research Direction. Psychotherapy, 54(4), 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000134.
Meaney, S., Corcoran, P., Spillane, N. & O ‘Donoghue, K. (2017). Experience of miscarriage: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. BMJ Open, 7(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2016-011382.
Miller, E. J., Temple-Smith, M. J., & Bilardi, J. E. (2019). ‘There was just no-one there to acknowledge that it happened to me as well’: A qualitative study of male partner’s experience of miscarriage. PloS one14(5), e0217395. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217395.
Mohammadpour, A. (2010). The method in method: about making knowledge in the humanities. Tehran: sociologists pub., Iran.
Morolong, J. J. (2013). Abortion: Young men's constructions of their lived experiences (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa).
Murphy, F. A. (1998). The experience of early miscarriage from a male perspective. Journal of clinical nursing7(4), 325-332.
Obst, K. L., & Due, C. (2019). Australian men's experiences of support following pregnancy loss: A qualitative study. Midwifery, 70, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.11.013
Obst, K. L., Due, C., Oxlad, M., & Middleton, P. (2020). Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model. BMC pregnancy and childbirth20(1), 1-17.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Designing qualitative studies. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3, 230-246.
Poudevigne, M. S., & O’Connor, P. J. (2006). A review of physical activity patterns in pregnant women and their relationship to psychological health. Sports medicine36, 19-38.
Quenby, S., Gallos, I. D., Dhillon-Smith, R. K., Podesek, M., Stephenson, M. D., Fisher, J., ... & Coomarasamy, A. (2021). Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss. The Lancet397(10285), 1658-1667. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00682-6.
Rellstab, S., Bakx, P., & Garcia-Gomez, P. (2022). The Effect of a Miscarriage on Mental Health, Labour Market, and Family Outcomes. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4075881.
Rodrigues-Martins, D., Lebre, A., Santos, J., & Braga, J. (2020). Association between contraceptive method chosen after induced abortion and incidence of repeat abortion in Northern Portugal. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 25(4), 259-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2020.1764527.
Schultz, C. L., & Harris, D. L. (2011). 18 Giving Voice to Nonfinite Loss and Grief in Bereavement. Grief and bereavement in contemporary society: Bridging research and practice.
Stack, J. M. (1984). The psychodynamics of spontaneous abortion. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54(1), 162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1984.tb01484.x.
Stinson, K. M., Lasker, J. N., Lohmann, J. & Toedter, L. J. (1992). Parents’ grief following pregnancy loss: A comparison of mothers and fathers. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 41(2), 218–223. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/584836.
Strong, J. (2022). Men’s involvement in women’s abortion-related care: a scoping review of evidence from low-and middle-income countries. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 30(1), 2040774.
Sutan, R., & Miskam, H. M. (2012). Psychosocial impact of perinatal loss among Muslim women. BMC women's health, 12(1), 1-9.
Tennenbaum, E. A. (2008). A qualitative investigation of the psychological effects of recurrent miscarriage on male partners. Fordham University
Volgsten, H., Jansson, C., Svanberg, A. S., Darj, E., & Stavreus-Evers, A. (2018). Longitudinal study of emotional experiences, grief and depressive symptoms in women and men after miscarriage. Midwifery, 64, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.05.003.
Wenzel, A. (2014). Coping with infertility, miscarriage, and neonatal loss: Finding perspective and creating meaning. American Psychological Association.