Structural equation modeling of the relationship between cognitive in sight, sacrifice in the relationship, ambivalence over emotional expression and attitude to wards marital infidelity

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 MA in Family Counseling, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran.

2 Asscociate Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran.

3 Assistant Profesor Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive insight, sacrifice in the relationship, ambivalence over emotional expression and attitude towards marital infidelity in male and femail married. This is an applied and correlational study. The population included all the married students of Isafahan Universitues in 2021. A total of 310 participants were selected using available sampling method. The data were ghathered using cognitive insight questionnaires (Beck et al., 2004), sacrifice in the relationship (Van Lange et al., 1997) and ambivalence in emotional expression (King & Emmons., 1990) and attitude toward marital infidelity scale (Whatley, 2008) and were analyzed using structural equation modeling via Amos-24, SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that ambivalence in expressing emotion had a significant positive relationship with a positive attitude towards marital infidelity and a significant negative correlation with sacrifice (p

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abbasi, G., & Rostami, A. R. (2019). An Investigation of the Relationship between Married Teachers’ Perception of Sacrificing Behavior, Alexithymia, and Marital Burnout. Journal of Family and Research, 16 (3), 53-68. (Persian) http://qjfr.ir/browse.php?aid=1227&sid=1&slc_lang=en
Aghaei, Z. (2017). The relationship between self-sacrificing behaviors and motivations with marital quality: a meta-analiytic study. Unpublished Thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (Persian)
Ajam, A. (2016). The Influence of Satellite Direct and Indirect Educations on Marital Conflict and Attitude to Marital Infidelity. Studies in Islam and Psychology, 10(18), 125-146. (Persian) https://islamicpsy.rihu.ac.ir/article_1047_en.html?lang=en
Alavi, K., Asghari, Moghadam, M. A, Rahiminezhad, A., & Farahani, H. (2017). Psychometric properties of Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 11(1), 74-91. (Persian) https://rph.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2710-en.pdf
Al-Boghbish, T., Khojastemehr, R., & Abbaspour, Z. (2017). The Prediction of Marital Satisfaction based on Approach and Avoidance Motives of Sacrifice and Sacrificing Behaviors in the Cultural Context of Ahvaz. Cultural Psychology, 3(2), 139-155. (Persian) https://jcp.samt.ac.ir/article_107392.html?lang=en
Amador, X. F., & David A. S. (2004). Insight and Psychosis. New York, NY: Oxford University. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-07370-000
Bagarozzi, D. A. (2014). Enhancing intimacy in marriage: A clinician''s guide. New York: Routledge.‏ https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-02190-000
Bahr, H. M., & Bahr, K. S. (2009). Toward more family-centered family sciences: Love, sacrifice, and transcendence. New York, NY: Lexington Book.https://www.biblio.com/book/toward-more-family-centered-family-sciences/d/504132698
Bamdadi, M. (2017). The effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies on increasing cognitive insight and reducing interpersonal cognitive distortions in women with marital conflict. Unpublished Thesis. University of Zanjan. (Persian)
Basharpour, S. (2012). The effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy on the improvement of posttraumatic symptoms, quality of life, self esteem and marital satisfaction in the women exposed to infidelity. Journal of Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 2(2), 193-208. (Persian) https://fcp.uok.ac.ir/article_9529.html?lang=en
Beck, A. T. (2008). Cognitive therapy and psychological problems. translated by Gharache Daghi, M. Tehran: Dorsa Press. https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/9646104396
Beck, A. T., Baruch, E., Balter, J. M., Steer, R. A., & Warman, D. M. (2004). A new instrument for measuring inshght: the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale. Schizophrenia Reserch, 68(2), 319-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00189-0
Beels, C. C. and Newmark, M. (2006). Sacrifice: a clinical view. Family Process, 45, 305–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00172.x
Bravo, I. M., & White Lumpkin, P. (2010). The complex case of marital infidelity: An explanatory model of contributory processes to facilitate psychotherapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 38(5), 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2010.522491
Byers, E. S. (1996). How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? Review of a program of research. Journal of Psychology & Human sexuality, 8(1-2), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v08n01_02
Cavand, M. (2016). Examining the relationship between altruistic behaviors, altruistic motivations and perception of fairness with marital intimacy of parents of elementary school students in Borujard city. Unpublished Thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (Persian)
Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized instruments in psychology. PsychologicalAssessment, 6(4), 284–290. https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1040-3590.6.4.284
Cooke, M. A., Peters, E. R., Kumari, V., Kuipers, E., Aasen, I., & Fannon, D. (2010). Cognitive insight in psychosis: the relationship between self-certainty and selfreflection dimensions and Neuropsychological measures. Psychiatry research, 178(2), 284-289. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.05.009
Dawson, P., & Guare, R. (2018). Executive skills in children and adolescents: A practical guide to assessment and intervention. New York: Guilford Publications. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-21800-000
Dehghani, M. (2017). The effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy based on the attachment injury treatment on trust, forgiveness, attachment injury and insecure attachment of women expoused by marital infidelity. Unpublished Dissertation, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (Persian)
Detweiler-Bedell, B., & Salovey, P. (2002). A second-generation psychology of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 13(1), 45-48. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-10335-005
Ellis, A. (1969). Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy. New York: Lyle Stuart. https://psycnet.apa.org/ record/1963-01437-000
Figuerres, K. S. (2008). Sacrifice in marriage: motives, behaviors, and outcomes. Unpublished Thesis. Brigham Young University. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1598/
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. (2010). Marriage in the new millennium: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 52(3), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00722.x
Fincham, F. D., & May, R. W. (2017). Infidelity in romantic relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 70-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.03.008
Fincham, F. D., Bradbury, T. N. & Scott, C. K. (1990). Cognition in marriage. In F. D. Fincham & T.N. Bradbury (Eds.), The psychology of marriage. New York: Guilford Press, 118.149. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1990-98090-004
Ghasemi, N; Zarei, M.; Ayati, M. & Artzaei, B. (2018). The role of adherence to Islamic lifestyle, attitude towards betrayal and need for intimacy in predicting marital commitment. Family and Sexual Health. 1(1), 21-32. (Persian) http://fsh.fatemiyehshiraz.ac.ir/en/Article/6530/FullText
Goleman, D. (2010). Emotional Intelligence. Translated by Nasrin Parsa, Tehran: Roshd Publications. https://www.amazon.com/Emotional-Intelligence-Matter-More-Than/dp/055338371X  (Persian)
Gottman, J. M. & Krokoff, L. J. (1989). Marital in traction and satisfaction: A Longitudinal view. Journal of consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.57.1.47
Habibi. M., Seyed Alitabar. H., Pouravari. M., & Salehi. S. (2019). Reliability, validity and factor structure for the attitudes toward infidelity scale. Journal of Research and Health, 9(4), 294-301. (Persian) https://doi.org/10.29252/jrh.9.4.294
Haskett, M. E., Stelter, R., Proffit, K., & Nice, R. (2012). Parent emotional expressiveness and children''s self-regulation: Associations with abused children''s school functioning. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36 (4), 296-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.11.008
Impett, E. A., & Gordon, A. (2008). For the good of others: Toward a positive psychology of sacrifice. Positive psychology, 2, 79-100. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-13954-005
Jahedi, J. (2017). Distinguishing couples with and without marital conflict in cognitive insight. Unpublished Thesis, Allameh Tabatabaee University. (Persian)
Kagar Abadi., H., Khodabakhsh., M., & Kiani. F. (2017). Effectiveness of forgiveness-oriented group counseling based on islamic perspective to restore the marriage relationship after marital infidelity. Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics, 10(38,) 29-36. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319148382_Effectiveness_of_Forgiveness-oriented_Group_Counseling_based_on_Islamic_Perspective_to_Restore_the_Marriage_Relationship_after_Marital_Infidelity (Persian)
Karami, J., Zakiei, A., Mohamadi, O., & Haghshenas, S. (2015). Role of psychological and sociological factors on predicting attitude toward marital infidelity among married women. Women''s Studies Sociological and Psychological, 13(3), 129-152. (Persian) https://doi.org/10.22051/JWSPS.2015.2154
Khodayari fard, M., Alavinezhad, S., Sajjadi Anari, S., Zandi, S. (2017). Efficacy of family therapy combined with CBT techniques on treatment of sexual variety seeking. Rooyesh, 5 (4), 85-116. (Persian) https://frooyesh.ir/article-1-198-en.html
King, L. A., Emmons, R.A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(1), 864-77. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.864
King, L.A. (1998). Ambivalence over emotional expression and reading emotions in situations and faces. Journaal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 753-62. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.753
Kun B, Balazs H, Kapitany M, Urban R, & Demetrovics Z. (2010) Confirmation of the three-factor model of the Assessing Emotions Scale (AES): Verification of the theoretical starting point. Behavior Research Methods, 42(2), 596-606. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.42.2.596
Manap, J., Che kassim, A., Hesni, S., Nen, S., Idris, F., & Ghazali, F. (2013). The Purpose of Marriage Among single Malaysian Youth. Journal Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82, 112-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.233
Momeni, K., Karami, J., & Hoveyzizadehgan, N. (2018). The Relationship between Sensation Seeking, Positive and Negative Affect, Alexithymia and Marital Infidelity. Joournal of Health & Care, 19(4), 221-231. (Persian) http://hcjournal.arums.ac.ir/article-1-897-en.html
Monk, J. K., Vennum, A.V., Ogolsky, B.G., & Fincham, F.D. (2014). Commitment and sacrifice in emerging adult romantic relationships. Marriage & Family Review, 50(5), 416-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01494929.2014.896304
Mousavi, M., & Moharami, J. (2019). Alexithymia, Loneliness and Fear of Intimacy: Predictors of Attitudes Toward Infidelity in Men. Contemporary Psychology, 14 (1), 12-21. (Persian) http://bjcp.ir/browse.php?a_id=1401&sid=1&slc_lang=en
Mülle, J., Bühner, M., Ziegler, M., Şahin, L. (2008). Are alexithymia, ambivalence over emotional expression, and social insecurity overlapping constructs? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(3), 319–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.10.005
Najafi, M., Bitaraf, M., Mohammadifar, M., & Zarei, M. E. (2016). The Comparison of Primary Maladaptive Schemas and Cognitive Insight between Divorced and Normal Women. Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society, 6(24), 41-58. (Persian) https://jzvj.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_1735.html?lang=en
Nichols, M. & Schwartz, R. (1998). Family therapy: Concepts and methods. New York: Allyn & Bacon. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-05122-000
Nik Manesh, Z., & Amiri Moghadam, D. (2019). Investigating and evaluating the attitude towards infidelity and its relationship with heartbreak and marital incompatibility. New Achievements in Humanities Studies, 3(24), 53-60. (Persian)
Peluso P.R. (2013). Infidelity: A practitioner’s guide to working with couples in crisis. New York: Routledge, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203941164
Prochaska, J. O., & Norcross, J. C. (2007). Systems of psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical analysis (5th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-97422-000
Raulin, M. L. (1984). Development of a scale to measure intense ambivalence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.52.1.63
Reeve, J. M. (2005). Understanding Motivation and Emotion. Translated by Y. Seyed Mohammadi. Tehran: Virayesh Pub. https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/9646184049
Righetti, F., & Impett, E. (2017). Sacrifice in close relationships: Motives, Emotions, and Relationship Outcomes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(10), e12342.  https://psycnet.apa.org/record/ 2017-45160-003
Saatchi, M. (2014). Psychology Dictionnary. Tehran: Moein Pub. https://www.iranketab.ir/book/37950-dictionary-of-psychology (Persian)
Sadeghi, A. (2009). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the combination of drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on resilience and psychological distress of women who have been betrayed. Unpublished Thesis, Payam Noor University. (Persian)
Samdani, F. (2014). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the cognitive strategies of emotion regulation and coping styles of female students with premenstrual syndrome. Unpublished Thesis, University of Kurdistan. (Persian)
Schultz, D. & Schultz, M. (2011). Theories of Personality. London: Cengage Learning. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/55952.Theories_of_Personality
Shahsiah, M., Bahrami, F., Mohebi, S., Tabarrai, Y.  (2012). Correlation between mental well-being and marital life quality of couples. Qom University Medical Sciences Journal, 5(4), 61-67. (Persian) https://ecc.isc.ac/showJournal/3576/29576/531974
Shirkund, S. (2010). The effect of attitude change on behavior change. Qom: Tebian Cultural and Information Institute. (persian)
Shuman, V., & Scherer, K. R. (2014). Concepts and Structures of Emotions. In R. Pekrun, & L. Linnenbrink-Garcia (Eds.). International Handbook of Emotions in Education (pp. 13–35). New York, N.Y: Taylor and Francis. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-09239-002
Smith, C., Hall, R., & Daigle, J. (2010). Monotony in Monogamy: A Study of Married Individuals Seeking to Have an Extramarital. American Journal of Psychological Research, 6(1), 97-102
Stafford, L., David, P., & McPherson, S. (2014). Sanctity of marriage and marital quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(1), 54-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407513486975
Stanley, S. M., Whitton, S. W., S. W., Sadberry, S. L., Clements, M. L., & Markman, H. J. (2006). Sacrifice as a predictor of marital outcomes. Family Process, 45(3), 289- 303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00171.x
Talkhabi, M., Bagheri Noaparast, K., Bozorgi, A., Sahafi, L., & Mohammadi, A. (2016). The Coherence Between Cognition and Emotion in Education. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 18 (3) ,68-79. (Persian) https://www.sid.ir/paper/82796/fa
Gewirtz-Meydan, A., Estlein, R., & Finzi-Dottan, R. (2023). The relationship between narcissistic traits and attitudes toward infidelity: A dyadic analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 37(6), 932–941. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001126
Van Lange, P. A., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1373-1395. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1373
Vanheule, S., Desmet, M., Meganck, R., & Bogaerts, S. (2007). Alexithymia and interpersonal problems. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20324
Veld, D. M. J., Walraven, J. M., & Weerth, C. D. (2012). The relation between emotion regulation strategies and physiological stress responses in middle childhood. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37 (8), 1309-1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.01.004
Walker, L. H., Colosimo, K. (2011). Mindfulness, self-compassion and happiness in non- meditators: A theoretical and empirical examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 222-227. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.033
Werner, K., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Emotion regulation and psychopathology. A conceptual framework. In A. M. Kring, D. M. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 13–37). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-21674-001
Whatley, M. A. (2008). Attitudes toward infidelity scale. Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 547-541.
Wieselquist, J., Rusbult, C. E., Foster, C. A., & Agnew, C. R. (1999). Commitment, pro-relationship behavior, and trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 942-966. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413495237
Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample size requirements for structural equation models: An evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety. Educational and psychological measurement, 73(6), 913-934. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.942
Yoosoufi, R., Abedi, A., Fatahabadi, J., & teregare, Abudelhakim. (2011). comparison of the efectiveness of schema-Focused and life style-fosused group training on cognitive insight enhancement in Couples with marital dissatIsfaction. Journal of Family Counseling & Psyshotherapy, 1(2), 139-160. (Persian) https://fcp.uok.ac.ir/article_9431.html?lang=en
Yousefi, R., Abedin, A., Fathabadi, J., & Tirgari Seraj, A. (2010). Comparing the effectiveness of schema-based and lifestyle-based group training interventions in improving the cognitive insight of couples with marital dissatisfaction. Counseling and Family Psychotherapy, 1(2), 139-160. (Persian) https://fcp.uok.ac.ir/article_9431.html?lang=en
Yousefi, R., Arizi Samani, S., and Sadeghi, S. (2007). Measuring cognitive insight in mental patients. Journal of Psychology, 114, 381-393. (persion) https://www.sid.ir/paper/436462/fa
Zandbergen, D. L. Brown, S. G. (2015). Culture and gender differences in romantic Jealousy. Personality and Individual Differences, 72 (15), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.035
Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15-28. https://doi.org/10.2307/350547
Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling
Volume 13, Issue 1
July 2023
Pages 31-46

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 20 February 2023
  • Revise Date: 24 May 2023
  • Accept Date: 18 July 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics