The Effectiveness of Existential Group Counseling on Distress Tolerance and Subjective Vitality of Students

Document Type : practical

Author

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. Tabriz. Iran

10.22055/jac.2024.47720.2043

Abstract

Providing mental health counseling and interventions for students is crucial to preventing or addressing psychological challenges in this vulnerable group and can play a significant role in supporting the university’s educational objectives. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of existential group counseling on distress tolerance and mental vitality in students. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all male and female undergraduate students at Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University who were referred to the University Counseling Center to receive counseling services in the academic year 2023-2024. Among the interested students, 30 students were selected by available sampling 15 were randomly assigned to the experimental group, and 15 to the control group. The data collection tools in this research were Subjective Vitality Questionnaire (Ryan & Frederick, 1997) and Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (Simons & Gaher, 2005). The existential group counseling protocol was implemented in 10 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week for the experimental group. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The research findings showed that the post-test mean of subjective vitality and distress tolerance in the experimental and control groups had a significant difference at 0.01. As a result, existential group counseling can be used as an effective intervention to promote subjective vitality and tolerance of students’ distress.

Highlights

Afkhami Ardakani, N., Rezapour Mirsaleh, Y., Ghafuri Charkhabi, H & Mohammadpanah Ardakan, A (2024). Mediating Role of Self-Acceptance in the Relationship between Self-Actualization, Self-Transcendence, and Distress Tolerance in Diabetic Patients, Journal of Psychological Achievements, 31(1), 317-340. doi.org/10.22055/psy.2023.42498.2937

Aghili, M., & Vakili Bastam, A. (2022). The effectiveness of mindfulness training on stress tolerance, cognitive regulation of emotion and meaning of life in Payame Noor University students, Journal of Health Psychology and Social Behavior, 2(2), 31-46. (Persian). doi.org/10.30495/hpsbjourna.2022.1952358.1068

Anwar, N., Shahzadi, M., Shahzadi, M., Khanum, S., & Imtiaz, M. (2024). Distress Tolerance and Mental Health Problems among University Students: Distress Tolerance and Mental Health. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 5(03), 73–78. doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i03.1336

Arabzadeh, M. (2017). Relationship between basic psychological needs and mental vitality in the elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 12(2), 170-179. (Persian).  doi.org/10.21859/sija-1202170

Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Aytaç, M. (2020). Subjective vitality and loneliness explain how coronavirus anxiety increases rumination among college students. Death Studies, 46(5), 1042–1051. doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1824204

Ariana Kia, E., Rahimi, C., & Mohammadi, N. (2024). Comparing online group therapy based on emotional schema therapy with transdiagnostic therapy in improving distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation among university students with adjustment disorders due to romantic break‐ups. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 24(1), 372-383. (Persian).  doi.org/10.1002/capr.12681

Auerbach, R. P., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., ... & Kessler, R. C. (2018). WHO world mental health surveys international college student project: Prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(7), 623.  doi.org/10.1037/abn0000362

Azizi, A. R., MIRZAEI, A., & Shams, J. (2010). Correlation between distress tolerance and emotional regulation with students smoking dependence. Hakim, 13 (1), 11-18. (Persian) http://hakim.tums.ac.ir/article-1-608-fa.html

Bonfils, K. A., Minor, K. S., Leonhardt, B. L., & Lysaker, P. H. (2018). Metacognitive self-reflectivity moderates the relationship between distress tolerance and empathy in schizophrenia. Psychiatry research, 265, 1-6.  doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.042

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Ghafari, A., Behrouzifar, J., &  Naroi, P. (2010, May). The effect of existential group therapy on the level of self-awareness and efforts for personal growth. In the fifth national seminar on students' mental health. Tehran. Iran. (Persian).https://profdoc.um.ac.ir/paper-abstract-1015295.html

Ghandehari, A., Sajadian, I., & Mehdad, A. (2023). The Effect of Rollo May's Existential Psychotherapy on Death Anxiety, Loneliness and The Meaning of Life in Female Heads of Households. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 21(3), 437-451. http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-1542-fa.html

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Keywords

References

Afkhami Ardakani, N., Rezapour Mirsaleh, Y., Ghafuri Charkhabi, H & Mohammadpanah Ardakan, A (2024). Mediating Role of Self-Acceptance in the Relationship between Self-Actualization, Self-Transcendence, and Distress Tolerance in Diabetic Patients, Journal of Psychological Achievements, 31(1), 317-340. doi.org/10.22055/psy.2023.42498.2937
Aghili, M., & Vakili Bastam, A. (2022). The effectiveness of mindfulness training on stress tolerance, cognitive regulation of emotion and meaning of life in Payame Noor University students, Journal of Health Psychology and Social Behavior, 2(2), 31-46. (Persian). doi.org/10.30495/hpsbjourna.2022.1952358.1068
Anwar, N., Shahzadi, M., Shahzadi, M., Khanum, S., & Imtiaz, M. (2024). Distress Tolerance and Mental Health Problems among University Students: Distress Tolerance and Mental Health. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 5(03), 73–78. doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i03.1336
Arabzadeh, M. (2017). Relationship between basic psychological needs and mental vitality in the elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 12(2), 170-179. (Persian).  doi.org/10.21859/sija-1202170
Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Aytaç, M. (2020). Subjective vitality and loneliness explain how coronavirus anxiety increases rumination among college students. Death Studies, 46(5), 1042–1051. doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1824204
Ariana Kia, E., Rahimi, C., & Mohammadi, N. (2024). Comparing online group therapy based on emotional schema therapy with transdiagnostic therapy in improving distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation among university students with adjustment disorders due to romantic break‐ups. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 24(1), 372-383. (Persian).  doi.org/10.1002/capr.12681
Auerbach, R. P., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., ... & Kessler, R. C. (2018). WHO world mental health surveys international college student project: Prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(7), 623.  doi.org/10.1037/abn0000362
Azizi, A. R., MIRZAEI, A., & Shams, J. (2010). Correlation between distress tolerance and emotional regulation with students smoking dependence. Hakim, 13 (1), 11-18. (Persian) http://hakim.tums.ac.ir/article-1-608-fa.html
Bonfils, K. A., Minor, K. S., Leonhardt, B. L., & Lysaker, P. H. (2018). Metacognitive self-reflectivity moderates the relationship between distress tolerance and empathy in schizophrenia. Psychiatry research, 265, 1-6.  doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.042
Cooper, M., Craig, E., & van Deurzen, E. (2019). What is existential therapy? (pp. 1–27). In E. van Deurzen, E. Craig, A. Langle, K. J. Schneider, D. Tantam, & S. du Plock (Eds.), The Wiley world handbook of existential therapy. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5017644#page=178
Corey, G. (1995). Theories and practices of humanistic group counseling, translated by Katayun Daneshvarian. (2005). Tehran: Porshokoh. (Persian) 
Corey, G. (2013). Theory and application of counseling and psychotherapy, translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi. (2018). Tehran: Arasbaran, (Persian) 
Darmayasa, I. M., Setiawan, W. A., Kertiasih, N. W., & Hardika, G. V. (2023). Existential Psychotherapy to Improve the Meaningfulness of Life in Advanced Stage of Cervical Cancer Patients: A Case Study. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 5(5), 38-41.  doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.5.1713
Demir, E. (2023). Exploring the nexus of positive childhood experiences and conflict resolution styles: Unveiling the keys to harmonious relationship dynamics. Journal of Social and Educational Research, 2(1), 8-13. https://www.journalser.com/jser/article/view/17
Du Plessis, G. (2019). An existential perspective on addiction treatment: A logic-based therapy case study. International Journal of Philosophical Practice, 5(1), 1-32. doi.org/10.5840/ijpp2019511
Elsamahy, A. (2024). Modeling causal relationships between Mindfulness and both: ‎subjective vitality and academic Grit among Higher Education ‎students at the Faculty of Education, Kafr El-Sheikh University. Journal of Education Sohag UNV, 123(123), 1527-1631.  doi.org/10.21608/edusohag.2024.300531.1507.
Esmaeli Ghazivaloii, F., Ghomi, M., Jamali, A., & Shafiee, Z. (2017). Effectiveness of Existential Group Psychother-apy on Psychological Well-Being and Distress Tolerance of Physical-Motor Disable. Quarterly journal of social work, 6(2), 24-34. (Persian). https://socialworkmag.ir/article-1-202-fa.pdf
Farajpour Nayeri, S., Bakhshesh Boroujeni, M., & MahmoodAliloo, M. (2020). Developing a structural model of internet addiction based on borderline and psychopathic personality traits with the mediating role of distress intolerance. Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 14(3), 76-88. (Persian).http://rph.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3619-fa.html
Frazier, P., Gabriel, A., Merians, A., & Lust, K. (2019). Understanding stress as an impediment to academic performance. Journal of American College Health, 67(6), 562-570.  doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1499649.
Gallego, A., McHugh, L., Villatte, M., & Lappalainen, R. (2020). Examining the relationship between public speaking anxiety, distress tolerance and psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 128-133. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.04.003
Ghafari, A., Behrouzifar, J., &  Naroi, P. (2010, May). The effect of existential group therapy on the level of self-awareness and efforts for personal growth. In the fifth national seminar on students' mental health. Tehran. Iran. (Persian).https://profdoc.um.ac.ir/paper-abstract-1015295.html
Ghandehari, A., Sajadian, I., & Mehdad, A. (2023). The Effect of Rollo May's Existential Psychotherapy on Death Anxiety, Loneliness and The Meaning of Life in Female Heads of Households. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 21(3), 437-451. http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-1542-fa.html
Ghasemi, A., Salehi Omran, A., Meschi, F., Sodagar, S., & Tajeri, B. (2024). Comparing the effectiveness of existential group psychotherapy and mindfulness group therapy on resilience and life quality in patients with hypertension. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 11(1), 152-167. (Persian).  doi.org/10.32598/shenakht.11.1.152
Hussain, R., Guppy, M., Robertson, S., & Temple, E. (2013). Physical and mental health perspectives of first year undergraduate rural university students. BMC public health, 13, 1-11. doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-848
Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., & Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(3), 391–400. doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015
Ivers, N. N., Johnson, D. A., Casares, D. R., Lonn, M. R., Duffey, T., & Haberstroh, S. (2024). Understanding prolonged grief from an existential counseling perspective. Journal of Counseling & Development, 102(2), 370-381. doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12518
Ju, H. (2017). The relationship between physical activity, meaning in life, and subjective vitality in community-dwelling older adults. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 73, 120-124. doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.001
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Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling
Volume 14, Issue 1
May 2024
Pages 14-28

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History

  • Receive Date: 27 August 2024
  • Revise Date: 04 October 2024
  • Accept Date: 02 December 2024

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