اثربخشی آموزش کیفیّت بخشی زندگی کاری و غنی‌سازی زندگی زناشویی بر افزایش کیفیّت زندگی کاری و رضایت شغلی در بین زوج‌های شاغل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌جوی دکتری روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

با تغییر جوامع بشری، زنان نیز وارد عرصه اشتغال شده‌اند و اکنون خانواده‌های بسیاری وجود دارند که هر دو زوج شاغل می‌باشند. اشتغال زوج‌ها باعث تأثیر مثبت بر کیفیّت زندگی و رضامندی شغلی می‌گردد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی آموزش کیفیّت بخشی زندگی کاری و غنی‌سازی زندگی زناشویی بر افزایش کیفیّت ‌زندگی کاری و رضایت شغلی در بین زوج‌های شاغل در یک طرح نیمه آزمایشی با پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل انجام گرفت.  چهل زوج شاغل از زوجین شاغل شهر ایلام با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (بیست زوج) و کنترل (بیست زوج) قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایش آموزش کیفیت‌بخشی زندگی کاری و آموزش غنی‌سازی زندگی زناشویی را در سیزده جلسه‌ی نود دقیقه‌ای دریافت کردند و در سه مرحله‌ی پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و پیگیری (دو ماهه) در متغیرهای کیفیّت‌زندگی کاری و رضایت شغلی مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش آماری تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری‌های مکرر تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بین گروه‌های آزمایش و گروه کنترل در متغیر کیفیّت زندگی کاری و رضایت شغلی تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد و نمرات شرکت‌کننده‌های گروه آزمایش از مرحله‌ی پیش‌آزمون تا مرحله‌ی. پیگیری در متغیرهای کیفیّت زندگی کاری و رضایت شغلی افزایش را نشان دادند. به‌هرحال، آموزش کیفیّت بخشی زندگی کاری و غنی‌سازی زندگی زناشویی سبب افزایش کیفیّت زندگی کاری و رضایت شغلی افراد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of work life quality improvement training and enrichment of marital life training on increasing the quality of work life and job satisfaction among of Dual- Career Couples

نویسندگان [English]

  • sayed mohammad mousavi 1
  • Hossein Samavatyan 2
  • abolghasem nouri 3
1 Student of Ph.d in Psychology. Isfahan Unevercity. Isfahan. Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Univercity of Isfahan, Isfahan. Iran
3 Professor, Department of Psychology. Isfahan Univercity. Isfahan. Iran
چکیده [English]

Women have also entered the employment arena by changing the human societies, and now there are many families in which both couples work. The couple''s employment affects the quality of life, as well as job satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate was conducted the effect of work life quality improvement and enrichment of marital life trainings on the quality of work life and job satisfaction in dual- career couples in a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, and follow- up with control group. Forty dual- career couples were selected using multistage cluster random sampling method in Ilam city, and were assigned randomly to experimental (20 couples) and a control groups (20 couples). The experimental group received thirteen-90-minutes sessions of work life quality improvement and enrichment of marital life trainings, in and were assessed in three stages pretest, posttest, and follow-up (2 months) in life work quality and job satisfaction variables. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in quality of work life and job satisfaction. Also, there is a significant difference between the three stages of quality of working life and job satisfaction in the experimental group However the work life quality improvement training and enrichment of marital life training increase the quality of work life and job satisfaction in dual- career couples.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Work life quality improvement
  • enrichment of marital life
  • job satisfaction
  • dual- career couples
Akar, H. (2018). The relationships between quality of work life, school alienation, burnout, affective commitment and organizational citizenship: A study on teachers. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 169-180.
Akdere, M. (2006). Improving quality of work-life: Implications for human resources. The Business Review, Cambridge, 6(1), 173-177.
Almalki, M. J., Fitz Geral, G., & Clark, M. (2012). The relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention of primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia. BMC Health Services Research Journal, 12(1), 314-321.
Al-Qutop, M. A. Y., & Harrim, H. (2011). Quality of work life human well-being linkage: Integrated conceptual framework. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(8), 193-205.
Amstad, F. T., Meier, L. L., Fasel, U., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2011). A meta-analysis of work–family conflict and various outcomes with a special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(2), 151-169.
Andreassen, C. S., Hetland, J., & Stale Pallesen, S. (2013). Workaholism and work-family spillover in a cross-occupational sample. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(1), 78-87.
Ardalan, M. R., & Yousefi, S. (2014). A review of the quality of worker''s work life (case study of Razi university of Kermanshah). National Conference on Modern Research in Humanities, International Exhibition Center, Voice and Television Organization, Tehran. (Persian)
Argentero, P., Migliorett, M., & Angilletta, C. (2007). Quality of work life in a cohort of Italian health workers. Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 29(1), 50-64.
Arshadi, N., & Piryaei, S. (2015). The moderating role of conscientiousness in the emotional exhaustion-job performance relationship. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 4(2), 19-36. (Persian)
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Burke, R. (2009). Workaholism and relationship quality: A spillover-crossover perspective. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(1), 23-33.
Bakker, A. B., Westman, M., & Van Emmerik, I. J. H. (2009). Advancements in crossover theory. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(3), 206-219.
Brotheridge, C. M., & Lee, R. T. (2005). Impact of work family interference on general well-being: A replication and extension. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(3), 203-221.
Carvalho, V. S., & Chambel. M. J. (2017). Work-family conflict and enrichment mediates the relationship between Job characteristics and well-being at work with Portuguese marinecorps. Armed Forces & Society, 44(2), 301-321.
Cheung, F. Y. L., & Tang, C. S. K. (2009). Quality of work life as a mediator between emotional labor and work family interference. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(3), 245-255.
Cranny, C. J., Smith, C. P., & Stone, E. F. (1992). Job satisfaction: How people feel about their jobs and how it affects their performance. New York: Lexington Books.
Cummings, T. G.,  &worley, C. G., (2001). Organization development and change. Translation by A. Barrapur, K. (2015). Tehran: Farazandish Sabz Institute. (Persian)
Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25(3), 357-384.
Darvish, H. (2007). Study of effective factors of employee''s job satisfaction (research-analytical approach). Organizational Culture Management, 5(16), 117-140. (Persian)
Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 178-199.
Elf, P., Gatersleben, B., & Christr, I. (2019). Facilitating positive spillover Effects: New insights from a mixed-methods approach exploring factors enabling people to live more sustainable lifestyles. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 103-111.
Erdamar, G., & Demirel, H. (2014). Investigation of Work-family, Family-work conflict of the teachers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4919-4924.
Fallahchai, R., Fallahi, M., & Randall, A. (2019). A dyadic approach to understanding associations between jobs Stress, marital quality, and dyadic coping for dual-career couples in Iran.  Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 487-496.
Filippo, E. B. (1998). Personal management. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing.
Ford, M., Heinen, B., & Langkamer, K. (2007). Work and family satisfaction and conflict: A meta-analysis of cross-domain relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 57-80.
Gahlawat, N., Phoghat, R. S., & Kundu, S. C. (2019). Evidence for life satisfaction among dual-career couples: The interplay of job, career, and family Satisfaction in relation to workplace support. Journal of Family Issues, 40(18), 2893-2921.
Garcia-Cabrera, A. M., Lucia-Casademunt, A. M., Cuellar-Molina, D., & Padilla-Angulo, L. (2018). Negative work-family/family-work spillover and well-being across Europe in the hospitality industry: The role of perceived supervisor support. Tourism Management Perspectives, 26, 39-48.
Gharakhani, D., & Zaferanchi, A. (2019). The effect of job burnout on turnover intention with regard to the mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Health, 10(1), 109-117. (Persian)
Gordon, G. H., Hubbell, F. A., Wyle, F. A., & Charter, R. A. (1985). Stress during tern ship: A prospective study of mood states. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 1(4), 228-231.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
Huang, T., Lawler, J., & Lei, C. (2007). The effects of quality of work life on commitment and turnover intention. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(6), 735-750.
Hulin, C. L., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Ilies, R., Schwind, K. M., Wagner, D. T., Johnson, M. D., Derue, D. S., & Ilgen, D. R. (2007). When can employees have a family life? The effects of daily workload and affect on work-family conflict and social behaviors at home. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 68-79.
Karina, M., Shreffler, A. E., Pirretti, R., & Drago, M. (2010). Work-family conflict and fertility intentions: Does gender matter? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31(2), 228-240.
Khamseh, A. (2003). Pre-marital education. Tehran: Women''s Research Center. (Persian)
Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-family conflict, policies and the job life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 139-149.
Krueger, P., Brazil, K., Lohfeld, L., Edward, H. G., Lewis, D., & Tjam, E. (2002). Organization specific predictors of job satisfaction: Findings from a Canadian multi-site quality of work life cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Services Research, 2(1), 6-16.
Lee, Y. W., Dai, Y. T., Park, C. G., & McCreary, L. L. (2013). Predicting quality of work life on nurses'' intention to leave. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 45(2), 160-168.
Lee. D., & Sirgy, M. (2018). What Do People Do to Achieve Work–Life Balance? A formative conceptualization to help develop a metric for large-scale quality-of-life surveys. Social Indicators Research, 138(3), 771-791.
Lourak Agha, Z. M., Nazari, A. M., & Rasouli, M. (2017). The effectiveness of relationship of enhancement program on Quality of Work Life (QWL). Iran Occupational Health, 14(1), 156-164. (Persian)
Lourel, M., Ford, M. T., Gamassou, C. E., Gueguen, N., & Hartman, A. (2009). Negative and positive spillover between work and home. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24)5), 438-449.
Lu, H., Zhao, Y., & While, A. (2019). Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 94, 21-31.
Mas – Machuca. M., & Berbegal Mirabent, J. (2016). Work-life balance and its relationship with organizational pride and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(2), 586-603.
Moorman, R. H. (1993). The influence of cognitive and affective based job satisfaction measures on the relationship between satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Relations, 46(6), 759-776.
Morgeson, F. P., Delaney-Klinger, K., & Hemingway, M. A. (2005). The importance of job autonomy, cognitive ability and job-related skill for predicting role breadth and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2), 399-406.
Mosavi, S. M., Samavatiyan, H., & Nouri, A. (2018). The effect of Relationship Enhancement Program (REP) and Quality of Work Life (QWL) programs on marital conflicts, marital instability of dual-career couples. Journal of Psychological Achievements (Journal of Education & Psychology), 25(2), 1-20. (Persian)
Motavalli, R., Ozgoli, G., Bakhtiari, M., & Alavi Majd, H. (2009). Marital satisfaction and marital intimacy in employed and unemployed pregnant women of Ardebil city. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 9(4), 315-324. (Persian)
Muecke, S. (2005). Effects of rotating night shifts: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(4), 433-439.
Muurlink, O., Peetz, D., & Murray, G. (2014). Work-related influences on marital satisfaction amongst shift workers and their partners: A large, matched-pairs study. Community, Work, & Family, 17(3), 288-307.
Na’ami , A., & Shokon, H. (2004). Investigating the simple and multiple relationships of organizational justice with job satisfaction in employees of an industrial company. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology, 11(2), 57 -70.
Nafari. N., & Lakayan, A. (2013). Analysis of the relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction in the area 3 local branches of bank melat in Tehran. Management and Development Process, 26(3), 186-161. (Persian)
Narehan, H., Hairunnisa, M., Norfadzillah, R., & Freziamella, L. (2014). The effect of Quality of Work Life (QWL) programs on Quality of Life (QOL) among employees at multinational companies in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 24-34.
Nazariyan Madavani, A., & Mokhtari Dinani, M. (2013). The relationship between Job satisfaction and Emotional qution and organization commitment physical education office staff of Tehran universities. Applied Research of Sport Management, 2(2), 43-56. (Persian)
Nowroozi, S., & Hosseini, R. (2013). The effect of perceived organizational support on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior of physical education officers. Sport Management, 4(15), 87-103.
Nurmayantil, S. A., Noermijati, T., & Irawanto, D. (2014). Work family conflict: A review of female teachers in Indonesia. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 6(4), 133-142.
Omidifar, H., Pourebrahim, T., Khoshkonesh, A., & Moradi, A. (2016). The comparison and relationship between emotional self-regulation with marital burnout and intimacy in one-career and dual-career couples in governmental offices. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational, 8(26), 50-67. (Persian)
Rabani, M., Mansuri, A., Jahani, Y., Shahdadi, H., & Khammari, M. (2016). Relationship between work-family conflict and marital satisfaction among nurses and midwives in hospitals of Zabol University of medical sciences. International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine, 20(3), 48-56. (Persian)
Rizwan, M., Jackani, J. H., Ameen, H., Hussain, S., Farooq, R. U., & Omair, M. (2013). Antecedents of employee satisfaction and its impact on job turnover. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2(1), 55-64.
Rupashree, B. (2010). Work‐family enrichment as a mediator between organizational interventions for work‐life balance and job outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(3), 247-300.
Shahbazi, M., & Khademali, Gh. (2018). The study and comparison of marital satisfaction, quality of life, happiness and life expectancy among married women with either less or more than five years of marital. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 8(2), 39-54. (Persian)
Shareef, R. (1990). QWL programs facilitate change. Personnel Journal, 69, 50-67.
Sharma, R. D., & Jyoti, J. (2006). Job satisfaction among school teachers. IIMB Management Review, 8(4), 349-363.
Sirgy, M. J., Efraty, D., Siegel, P., & Lee, D. (2001). A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Research, 55(3), 241-302.
Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The Measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes. Chicago, Illinois, USA: Rand McNally.
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes and consequences. SAGE: Thousand Oaks.
Sultan Hosseini, M., Nadarian. M., Hemayi, R., & Mousavi, Z. (2009). The relationship between the quality of work life and the organizational commitment in employees of Esfahan physical education organization. Sport Management, 1(2), 167-181. (Persian)
Thompson, E. R., & Phua F. T. T. (2012). A brief index of affective job satisfaction. Group & Organization Management, 37(3), 275-307.
Tomazevic, N., Seljak, J., & Aristovnik, A. (2014). Factors influencing employee satisfaction in the police service: The case of Slovenia. Personnel Review, 43(2), 209-227.
Walton, R. E. (1973). Quality of working life: What is it?. Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-12.
Westman, M. (2005). Cross cultural differences in crossover research. In S. A. Y. Poelmans (Ed.), Work and family: An international research perspective (pp. 241-260). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence.
Westman, M., & Vinokur, A. D. (1998). Unraveling the relationship of distress levels within couples: Common stressors, empathic reactions, or crossover via social interaction? Human Relations, 51(2), 137-156.
Wu, L. Z., Kwan, H. K., Liu, J., & Resick, C. J. (2012). Work to family spillover effects of abusive supervision. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(7), 714-731.