بررسی مدل علّی مراقبت والدین و تعارض بین والدینی با صمیمیت رومانتیک با واسطه ادراک از تعارض بین والدینی و دلبستگی اجتنابی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کاربردی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه چمران اهواز دانشکده علوم تربیتی

2 دانشگاه چمران

3 دانشگاه چمران اهواز

چکیده

خانواده به‌عنوان مهم­ترین محیط اجتماعی مؤثر بر رشد روانی و شخصیتی افراد شناخته می‌شود. در این راستا، هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مدل علّی مراقبت والدین و تعارض بین والدینی با صمیمیت رومانتیک باواسطه گری ادراک از تعارض بین والدین و دلبستگی اجتنابی در دانشجویانبود.164دانشجوی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی چندمرحله­ای انتخاب شدند و ابزارهای پیوند با والدین، سبک‌های دلبستگی بزرگسالان، ادراک کودکان از تعارض بین والدینی و صمیمیت را تکمیل نمودند. تحلیل مدل با استفاده از تحلیل مسیر و نرم‌افزارهای 21-SPSS و AMOS انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل پیشنهادی از برازش کافی برخوردار است و برازش بهتر از طریق حذف مسیرهای غیر معنی‌دار و با استفاده از شاخص­های اصلاحی حاصل شد. همچنین، ضرایب غیرمستقیم معنی­دار و تعدادی غیر معنی­دار بودند. بر اساس یافته­ها می‌توان گفت در شرایطی که تعارض بین والدین وجود دارد، مراقبت نامناسب پدرانه و مادرانه موجب شکل­گیری سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی، کاهش اعتماد و کاهش صمیمیت رومانتیک در روابط بعدی می‌شود.فردی که شاهد نزاع و درگیری در روابط بین والدین خویش است، از جهت احساس کارآمدی مقابله­ای تحت تأثیر قرار می­گیرد، با کاهش احساس کارآمدی مقابله در وی، احساس ناتوانی و خودسرزنشی در ارتباط با تعارض ادراک‌شده خانواده در فرد ایجاد می‌شود که در برخورد با مسائل فرد را مستعد مدیریت نادرست تعارض­های در روابط بزرگسالی خواهد کرد. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Investigation in to the causal model of parental care and inter parental conflict with romantic intimacy and mediating role of inter parental conflict perception and avoidance attachment

چکیده [English]

The family is known as the most important social environment affecting mental and personality development. In this regard, the aim of this study was to test the causal model of parental care and inter parental conflict with romantic intimacy and mediating role of interparental conflict perception and avoidance attachment in students. 164 students at Shahid Chamran University select by multiple stage random sampling, and completed Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, The Personal Assessment of Intimacy, Parental Bonding Instrument and Adult Attachment Scale The data were analyzed by the SPSS and AMOS software. The findings showed that the proposed model fitted this study data sufficiently. Better fitness was obtained by omitting non significant paths and using modification indices. Also, some simple indirect effects were significant while others were non significant. According to this study results, it can be said that in the case of interparental conflict, improper paternal care and maternal care lead to the development of avoidance attachment style, decrease in trust and decrease in romantic intimacy in succeeding relationships. A person who witnessed the conflict in the relationship between his parents, is affected by a sense of efficacy for coping, so reducing his coping efficacy caused a feeling of helplessness and self-blame in relation to family perceived conflicts in the person so that encountering problems caused the patient prone to mismanagement of the conflicts in adulthood relationships.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key words: Interparental conflict
  • parental care
  • romantic intimacy
  • avoidance attachment
پاکدامن، شهلا. (۱۳۸۳). بررسی ارتباط بین دلبستگی و جامعه­طلبی در نوجوانی. مجله علوم روان­شناختی، ۳ (۹)، ۴۹-۲۵.
هومن، حیدرعلی. (1384). مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار لیزرل. انتشارات سمت.
 
 
 
Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1),
 26-46.
Bickham, N. L., & Fiese, B. H. (1997). Extension of the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale for use with late adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 246–250.
Bowlby, J. (2005). The making and breaking of affection bonds. New York: Rutledge.
Buehler, C., & Gerard, J. M. (2002). Marital conflict, ineffective parenting, and children’s and adolescents’ maladjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64,78-92.
Buehler, C., & Gerard, J. M. (2002). Marital conflict, ineffective parenting and children and adolescents maladjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 78-92.
Collins, W. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1999). Capacity for intimate relationships: a developmental construction. In W. Furman, B. B. Brown & C. Feiring (Eds.), The Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence (pp. 125-147). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Conger, R. D., Cui, M., Bryant, C. M., & Elder, G. H. (2000). Competence in early adult romantic relationships: A developmental perspective on family influences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 224–237.
Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74–101.
Doucet, J., & Aseltine, R. H. (2003). Childhood family adversity and the quality of marital relationships in young adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20(6), 818-842.
El-Sheikh, M., & Harger, J. (2001). Appraisals of marital conflict and children’s adjustment, health, and physiological reactivity. Developmental Psychology, 37, 875–885.
Fosco, G. M., & Grych, J. H. (2007). Emotional expression in the family as a context for children’s appraisals of interparental conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(2),248-258.
Gabardi, L., & Rosen, L. A. (1992). Intimate relationships: College students from divorced and intact families. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 18(3), 25-56.
Gerard, J. M., Buehler, C., Franck, K., & Anderson, O. (2005). In the eyes of the beholder: Cognitive appraisals as mediators of the association between inter parental conflict and youth maladjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(3), 376 –384.
Grych, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Marital conflict and children’s adjustment: A cognitive–contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 267–290.
Grych, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child’s perspective: The Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale. Child Development, 63, 558–572.
Guttmann, J., & Rosenberg, M. (2003). Emotional intimacy and children's adjustment: A comparison between single-parent divorced and intact families. Educational Psychology, 23(4),
457-472.
Guttmann, J., & Rosenberg, M. (2003). Emotional intimacy and children's adjustment: A comparison between single-parent divorced and intact families. Educational Psychology, 23(4),
457-472.
Hayashi, G. M., & Strickland, B. R. (1998). Long-term effects of parental divorce on love relationships: Divorce as attachment disruption. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15,
23-38.
Hinnen, C., Sanderman, R., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2009). Adult attachment as mediator between recollections of childhood and satisfaction with life. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 10-21.
Holmes, B. M., & Johnson, K. R. (2009). Adult attachment and romantic partner preference: A review. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,26(6–7), 833–852.
Katowitz, A. E. (2007). Family structures and adult romantic relationships. Psychology Honors Projects. Paper 3. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/psychology_honors/3.
Moore, K. A., McCabe, M. P., & Stockdale, J. E. (1998). Factor analysis of the Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships Scale (PAIR): Engagement, communication and shared friendships. Sexual and Marital Therapy, 13(4), 361-368.
Moura, A., Santos, O. R., Rocha, M., & Matos, P. M. (2010). Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC): Factor structure and invariance across adolescents and emerging adults. International Journal of Testing, 10, 364–382.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Orlofsky, J. L. (1993). Intimacy status: theory and research. In J. E. Marcia (Ed.), Ego identity: A handbook for psychological research (pp. 111-133). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Owen, M. T., & Cox, M. J. (1997). Marital conflict and the development of infant–parent attachment relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 152–164.
Patrick, S., Sells, J. N., Giordano, F. G., & Tollerud, T. R. (2007). Intimacy, differentiation and personality satisfaction with life. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 10-21.
Pielage, S., Luteijn, F., & Arrindell, W. (2005). Adult attachment, intimacy and psychological distress in a clinical and community sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 455-464.
Richardson, S., & McCabe, M. P. (2001). Parental divorce during adolescence and adjustment in early adulthood. Adolescence, 36(143), 467-488.
Short, J. L. (2002). The effects of parental divorce during childhood on college students. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 38(1-2), 143-155.
Shulman, S., Laursen, B., Kalman, Z., & Karpovsky, S. (1997). Adolescent intimacy: revisited. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26,597–617.
Shulman, S., Scharf, M., Lumer, D., Maurer, O. (2001). Parental divorce and young adult children's romantic relationships: Resolution of the divorce experience. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(4), 473-478.
Simon, V. A., Kobielski, S. J., & Martin, S. (2008). Conflict beliefs, goals, and behavior in romantic relationships during late adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37,324–335.
Simpson, J. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 971-980.
Sprague, H. E., & Kinney, J. M. (1997). The effects of interparental divorce and conflict on college students' romantic relationships. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 27(1/2), 85-104.
Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E., & Collins, W. A. (2005). Placing early attachment experiences in developmental context. In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossmann, & E. Waters (Eds.), Attachment from infancy to adulthood: The major longitudinal studies, 48-70. New York: Guilford Publications.
Steinberg, S. J., Davila, J., & Fincham, F. (2006). Adolescent marital expectations and romantic experiences: Associations with perceptions about parental conflict and adolescent attachment security. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 333-348.
Stocker, C. M., & Richmond, M. K. (2007). Longitudinal associations between hostility in adolescents’ family relationships and hostility in their romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 490–497. 
Suzuki, H., & Kitamura, T. (2011).  The parental bonding instrument: A four-factor Structure model in a japanese college sample. The Open Family Studies Journal, 4, 89-94.
Thériault, J. (1998). Assessing intimacy with the best friend and the sexual partner during adolescence: The PAIR-M inventory. The Journal of Psychology, 132(5), 493-506.
Van Schaick, K., & Stolberg, A. L. (2001). The impact of paternal involvement and parental divorce on young adults' intimate relationships. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 36(1-2), 99-121.