بررسی تجارب زیسته سالمندان از سازگاری با آشیانه خالی؛ یک مطالعه پدیدارشناسی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 کاندیدای دکتری مشاوره، گروه مشاوره ، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مشاوره ، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

4 استاد، گروه روان‌شناسی ، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شواهد در سال‌های اخیر نشان داده ‌است که انتقال به آشیانه خالی دست‌خوش تغییرات چشمگیری در الگوی پویای خانواده شده ‌است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تجارب زیسته سالمندان از سازگاری با آشیانه خالی انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع کیفی و با استفاده از روش پدیدارشناسی انجام شد و شرکت‌کنندگان با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، انتخاب شدند. فرایند نمونه‌گیری تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت و 17 نفر از سالمندان آَشیانه خالی انتخاب و مورد مصاحبه عمیق قرار گرفتند. داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از روش توصیفی کلایزی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. واکاوی تجربیات زیسته مصاحبه‌شوندگان در زمینه چگونگی مواجهه با آشیانه خالی منجر به شناسایی 8 مضمون کلی و 25 مضمون فرعی؛ 1- هشیاری و اراده به سازگاری (تأمل مجدد بر خود و اتکاء به توانمندی‌های خود)؛ 2- خود مراقبتگری جسمی روانی (انجام فعالیت‌های مفرّح و سلامتی‌بخش، دریافت خدمات روان‌شناختی و پرداختن به تمرین‌های مراقبه)؛ 3- تغییرات نگرشی (تغییر نگرش به جدایی فرزند و پرورش امید دیدار)؛ 4- استراتژی‌های تنظیم هیجان (پذیرش هیجانات جدایی، ارزیابی مجدد خاطرات، نوشتن روزانه افکار و احساسات، منع نشخوار فکری و الگوگیری از تجربه همتایان)؛ 5-تقویت پیوندهای اجتماعی (عزم بر بهبود ارتباطات، ادراک حمایت شبکه ارتباطی، بهره‌گیری از حمایت خانواده و والدین، شرکت در فعالیت‌های جمعی و حفظ ارتباط و کسب اطلاع از فرزند)؛ 6- تجربه رشد هدفمند (از سرگیری فعالیت‌های علمی و فرهنگی، معنایابی مجدد و افزایش سرسختی و تاب‌آوری)؛ 7- از خود فراروی (توجه به شادی و رضایت فرزند و کمک به فردی با مسئله مشابه)؛ 8- تقویت ارتباط معنوی و فعالیت‌های مذهبی (شکرگزاری و توکل و شرکت در فعالیت‌های مذهبی و معنوی) بود. در مجموع می‌توان گفت تجربه مشارکت­کنندگان نشان‌دهنده پیمودن راه‌هایی برای سازگاری بوده است و این راه‌ها قدم گذاشتن در مسیر سازگاری با دوران گذار ناشی از خروج فرزند بوده است که درنهایت آن‌ها را به پذیرش بحران و حل و فصل آن رسانده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring The lived Experiences of the Elderly in Adapting to an empty nest; A phenomenological study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolbaset Mahmoudpour 1
  • Asieh Shariatmadar 2
  • Abdollah Shafiabadi 3
  • Ahmad Borjali 4
1 PhD Candidate in Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
3 Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Evidence in recent years has shown that the transition to the empty nest undergoes a dramatic change in the family dynamic pattern. This research aimed to investigate the lived experiences of elderly individuals in relation to the empty nest phenomenon. A combined methodological approach was utilized for this qualitative study, employing a phenomenological method. Participants were purposefully selected using a targeted sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. Ultimately, 17 elderly individuals residing in empty nests were chosen to undergo in-depth interviews. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive phenomenological analysis. The empirical exploration of participants'''''''''''''''' experiences in confronting an empty nest led to the identification of eight main themes and 25 sub-themes: 1) Sobriety and adaptation (self-reflection and reliance on personal capabilities), 2) Self-care (engaging in pleasurable and health-promoting activities, receiving psychological services, and engaging in mindfulness exercises), 3) Attitudinal changes (revising perspectives on separation from children and nurturing hope for future reunions), 4) Emotional regulation strategies (accepting emotions related to separation, reevaluating memories, journaling thoughts and feelings, avoiding cognitive rumination, and learning from peer experiences), 5) Strengthening social bonds (determination to improve communication, perception of network support, utilizing support from family and parents, participating in collective activities, and maintaining connections and obtaining information about children), 6) Purposeful growth experience (resuming scholarly and cultural activities, reinterpreting life''''''''''''''''s meaning, and enhancing resilience and adaptability), 7) Focusing on self-fulfillment (prioritizing happiness and satisfaction for their children and assisting individuals with similar issues), and 8) Enhancing spiritual connections and engaging in religious activities (expressing gratitude, relying on faith, and participating in religious and spiritual activities). In conclusion, participants'''''''''''''''' experiences demonstrated their journey towards adaptation and the identified pathways to navigate the challenges associated with the empty nest transition resulting from their children''''''''''''''''s departure. These pathways ultimately led them to accept and resolve the crisis

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lived experience
  • Phenomenology
  • Adaptation
  • Elderly
  • Empty nest

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مشاوره کاربردی
دوره 13، شماره 1
تیر 1402
صفحه 75-94

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 مرداد 1402

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