مشاوره کاربردی

مشاوره کاربردی

مقایسه اثر بخشی برنامه مداخله در مادرآزاری و برنامه مداخله زودهنگام در خشونت فرزند به والدین بر مادرآزاری و کفایت والدگری مادران آزاردیده

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ،اهواز، ایران
3 استادیارگروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
امروزه شاهد افزایش روزافزون نوع جدیدی از خشونت خانوادگی تحت عنوان والدآزاری هستیم که با توجه به ماهیت آسیب­رسان آن که موجب اخلال در عملکردهای خانواده شده، توجه پژوهش­گران را به خود جلب کرده است و بیش از پیش انجام مداخلات مؤثر در این زمینه ضرورت پیدا می­کند. با توجه به این مسئله، هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی برنامه مداخله در مادرآزاری و برنامه مداخله زودهنگام در خشونت فرزند به والدین بر مادرآزاری و کفایت والدگری مادران آزار دیده بود. روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش­آزمون-پس­آزمون-پیگیری با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل تمامی مادران دارای تجربه آزاردیدگی از طرف فرزند پسر نوجوان (12 تا 18 ساله) شهر خرم آباد بود که برای دریافت خدمات مشاوره­ای در سال 1403 به مراکز مشاوره مراجعه کرده بودند. از بین این افراد تعداد 45 نفر/خانواده به­صورت نمونه­گیری در دسترس انتخاب شده و به­صورت تصادفی در سه گروه 15 نفره (دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه گواه) قرار گرفتند. ابزارهای گردآوری اطلاعات در پژوهش حاضر شامل مقیاس­های والدآزاری-فرم پسران (Abbaspour et al., 2018) کفایت والدگری (Gibaud-Wallston, 1977) بود. پروتکل­های پژوهش شامل 18 جلسه برنامه مداخله در مادرآزاری (9 جلسه با والدین و خانواده و 9 جلسه با نوجوان) و 36 جلسه برنامه مداخله زودهنگام در خشونت فرزند به والدین (16 جلسه با نوجوان، 11 جلسه با والدین و 8 جلسه با خانواده) بود که هفته­ای یک جلسه برای گروه­های آزمایش اجرا شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه­گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بنفرونی استفاده شد. یافته­های پژوهش نشان داد که دو برنامه مداخله در مادرآزاری و مداخله زودهنگام در خشونت فرزند به والدین باعث کاهش معنی­دار مادرآزاری (45/481F= و 001/0P=) و افزایش معنی­دار کفایت والدگری (09/255F= و 001/0P=) مادران آزار دیده در گروه­های آزمایش شد. مچنین دیگر یافته­های پژوهش نشان داد که تفاوت معنی­داری بین اثربخشی دو برنامه مداخله در مادرآزاری و مداخله زودهنگام در خشونت فرزند به والدین بر مادرآزاری و کفایت والدگری مادر وجود نداشته و هر دو برنامه به یک میزان اثربخش می­باشند. در نتیجه، هر دو برنامه مداخله در مادرآزاری و مداخله زودهنگام در خشونت فرزند به والدین می­توانند به­عنوان رو روش­هایی مؤثر برای کاهش مادرآزاری و افزایش کفایت والدگری مادران آزاردیده از جانب فرزند توسط متخصصان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Mother Abuse Intervention Program and the Early Intervention Program for Child-to-Parent Violence on Mother Abuse and Parental Competence in Abused Mothers

نویسندگان English

Morad Beyranvand 1
Zabihollah Abbaspour 2
Amin Koraei 3
1 PhD Student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Bo. C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

In recent years, there has been a growing prevalence of a new form of domestic violence known as parental abuse. Given its harmful nature, which disrupts family functioning, researchers have increasingly focused on this issue, emphasizing the necessity of effective interventions. In this context, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an intervention program for mother abuse and an early intervention program for child-to-parent violence in reducing maternal abuse and improving parental competence among abused mothers. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers in Khorramabad who had experienced abuse by their adolescent sons (aged 12 to 18) and had sought counseling services in 2024. From this population, 45 individuals/families were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 (two experimental groups and one control group). The data collection instruments included the Parental Abuse Scale – Boys' Form (Abbaspour et al., 2018) and the Parental Competence Scale (Gibaud-Wallston, 1977). The research protocols consisted of an 18-session maternal abuse intervention program (9 sessions with parents and family, and 9 sessions with the adolescent) and a 36-session early intervention program for child-to-parent violence (16 sessions with the adolescent, 11 sessions with the parents, and 8 sessions with the family), conducted once a week for the experimental groups. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. The findings indicated that both the mother abuse intervention program and the early intervention program for child-to-parent violence significantly reduced mother abuse and significantly increased parental competence among the abused mothers in the experimental groups. Additionally, the results revealed no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two intervention programs in reducing mother abuse and enhancing parental competence, suggesting that both programs are equally effective. Therefore, both the mother abuse intervention program and the early intervention program for child-to-parent violence can be utilized by professionals as effective approaches to reducing mother abuse and improving parental competence among abused mothers.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

mother abuse
parental abuse
parental competence
maternal abuse intervention program
early intervention program for child-to-parent violence
Abbaspour, Z., & Tavakhosh, A. M. (2025). Predicting Mother Abuse Based on Spouse's Emotional Blackmail and Self-Esteem. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 33(3), 39-52. (Persion).
Abbaspour, Z., Karimi, S., & Sodani, M. (2024a). Prevalence of Parent Abuse in High School Boy Students during the Coronavirus Pandemic. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences: Volume, 31(6), 115-126. (Persion).
Abbaspour, Z., Salarvand, M., & Khojastehmehr, R. (2024b). Comparison of the mother abuse in urban and rural students of Durood. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational, 19(66), 227-246. (Persion). https://doi.org/10.1001.1.26454955.1403.19.1.9.8
Abbaspour, Z., Vasel, G., Khojasteh Mehr, R., & Amanollahi, A. (2024c). Developing a psycho-educational intervention program specific to maternal abuse and testing its effect on maternal abuse. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 13(2), 3-26. (Persion). https://doi.org/10.22034/fcp.2024.139408.2173.
Abbaspour, Z., Nazariyan-Samani, R., Shiralinia, K. . (2023). Family Cohesion and Parent Abuse: The Mediating Role of Domestic Violence, Marital Conflict, Self-Esteem and Resilience. Journal of Psychology, 19-27. (Persion).
Abbaspour, Z., Laki, P. S., & Rajabi, G. (2022). The Predictors of Mother Abuse in Male Students: Domestic Violence, Marital Conflict, Family Coherence, Parenting Styles, and Self-esteem. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.115767.
Abbaspour, Z., Vasel, G., & Khojastehmehr, R. (2021). Investigating the Lived Experiences of Abused Mothers: A Phenomenological Study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 10(2), 108-114.  https://doi.org/10.22062/jqr.2021.193653.0
Abbaspour, Z., Poursardar, F., Ghanbari, Z., Shahuri, S., & Shadfar, A. (2018). Development and validation of Parent Abuse Scale (boy-mother), Educational Measurement, 8(31), 33-46. (Persion) https://doi.org/ 10.22054/jem.2018.25002.1611
Arias-Rivera, S., Lorence, B., & Hidalgo, V. (2022). Parenting skills, family functioning and social support in situations of child-to-parent violence: A scoping review of the literature. Journal of family violence, 37(7), 1147-1160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00316-y
Baker, H. (2012). Problematising the relationship between teenage boys and parent abuse: Constructions of masculinity and violence. Social Policy and Society, 11(2), 265-276. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000583
Brule, N. J., & Eckstein, J. J. (2016). “Am I really a bad parent?”: Adolescent-to-parent abuse (AtPA) Identity and the Stigma Management Communication (SMC) Model. Journal of Family Communication, 16(3), 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2016.1160908
Condry, R., & Miles, C. (2016). Adolescent to parent violence and the challenge for youth justice. In M. Bosworth, C. Hoyle, & L. Zedner (Eds.), Changing Contours of Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press.
Erostarbe, I. I., Martínez, A. A., & Astondoa, E. E. (2018). Prominent intervention programs in child-to-parent violence: Description of an innovative program for early intervention. Papeles del Psicólogo, 39(3), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2018.2873
Gibaud-Wallston, J. (1977). Self-esteem and situational stress: Factors related to sense of competence in new parents (Doctoral dissertation, George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, TN.). 
Glatz, T., & Buchanan, C. M. (2015). Change and predictors of change in parental self-efficacy from early to middle adolescence. Developmental psychology, 51(10), 1367. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000035
Hamilton, G., & Harris, L. (2023). Parent abuse by dependent adult children living in the family home: a gap in the service?. Journal of Family Studies, 29(3), 967-983. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2021.2018349
Hashemi A, & Jafari A. (2021). The effectiveness of self-differentiation training on improving family process and content in demanding couples of contested divorce, Journal of Counseling Research, 20(77), 61-88. (Persion) http://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-1074-fa.html
Herbell, K., Eisner, M., Ault, S., & Breitenstein, S. M. (2024). Associations Among Parenting Competence and Practices, Household Chaos, and Behavior Problems in Adolescents Accessing Residential Treatment. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 41(5), 719-728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-022-00912-x
Holt, A., & Birchall, J. (2022). ‘Their Mum Messed Up and Gran Can’t Afford to’: Violence towards Grandparent Kinship Carers and the Implications for Social Work. The British Journal of Social Work, 52(3), 1231-1248. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab156
Hughes, C., & Cline, T. (2021). Parenting interventions for reducing child maltreatment: Evidence from a national study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(3), 299-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13391
Ibabe, I. (2020). A systematic review of youth-to-parent aggression: Conceptualization, typologies, and instruments. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 577757. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577757
Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., Elgorriaga, E., & Asla, N. (2023). Evaluation report of early intervention program in situation of child-to-parent abuse: parents and children as participants. Journal of family studies, 29(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2021.1872404
Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., Elgorriaga, E., & Asla, N. (2017). Programa de intervención precoz en situaciones de violencia filio-parental. In Descripción y resultados preliminares. III Congreso Nacional de Psicología. Oviedo.
Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., Elgorriaga, E., & Asla, N. (2023). Evaluation report of early intervention program in situation of child-to-parent abuse: parents and children as participants. Journal of family studies, 29(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2021.1872404
Jiménez-Granado, A., Fernández-González, L., del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., & Calvete, E. (2023, January). Psychological symptoms in parents who experience child-to-parent violence: the role of self-efficacy beliefs. In Healthcare (Vol. 11, No. 21, p. 2894). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212894
Karp, S. M., Lutenbacher, M., & Wallston, K. A. (2015). Evaluation of the parenting sense of competence scale in mothers of infants. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 3474-3481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0149-z
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Fifth Edition. Guilford publications.
Lafrance, A., Henderson, K. A., & Mayman, S. (2020). Emotion-focused family therapy: A transdiagnostic model for caregiver-focused interventions. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000166-000
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
Leijten, P., Raaijmakers, M. A. J., & Dishion, T. J. (2022). Effective components of parent training for reducing disruptive child behavior: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 91, 102107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102107
Lenz, E. R. (2010). Measurement in nursing and health research. Springer publishing company.
Moulds, L., Day, A., Mildred, H., Miller, P., & Casey, S. (2016). Adolescent violence towards parents–the known and unknowns. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 37(4), 547-557. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1189
Moulds, L., Day, A., Mayshak, R., Mildred, H., & Miller, P. (2019). Adolescent violence towards parents—Prevalence and characteristics using Australian Police Data. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 52(2), 231-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865818781206
Pereira, R., Loinaz, I., del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Arrospide, J., Bertino, L., Calvo, A., ... & Gutiérrez, M. M. (2017). Proposal for a definition of filio-parental violence: Consensus of the Spanish society for the study of filio-parental violence (SEVIFIP). Papeles del Psicólogo, 38(3), 216-223. https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2839
Rodrigo, M. J., Martín, J. C., & Máiquez, M. L. (2019). Parenting interventions to promote positive parenting and prevent child maltreatment: Evidence and challenges. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2018.1510131
Rutter, N. (2021). “I’m meant to be his comfort blanket, not a punching bag”–Ethnomimesis as an exploration of maternal child to parent violence in pre-adolescents. Qualitative Social Work, 20(5), 1317-1338. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325020940774
Routt, G., & Anderson, L. (2004). Step Up: Curriculum for teens who are violent at home. Recuperado desde. https://www. kingcounty. Gov/courts/superior-court/juvenile/step g up. aspx.‏
Sheed, A., Maharaj, N., Simmons, M., Papalia, N., & McEwan, T. (2025). The role of situational factors in child-to-parent abuse: Implications for assessment, management, and intervention. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 69(6-7), 743-761. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X23115989
Smith, T. B., Anderson, T., & Brown, M. P. (2020). Family-based interventions in preventing child maltreatment: The role of parental self-efficacy and family functioning. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(8), 2156-2167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01732-x
Storey, A. (2022). Improving Recommendations from the UN's Universal Periodic Review: A Case Study on Domestic Abuse in the UK. Pace International Law Review, 35, 193. https://doi.org/10.58948/2331-3536.1427
Tew, J., & Nixon, J. (2010). Parent abuse: Opening up a discussion of a complex instance of family power relations. Social Policy and Society, 9(4), 579-589. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746410000291
Toole-Anstey, C., Keevers, L., & Townsend, M. L. (2023). A systematic review of child to parent violence interventions. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(2), 1157-1171. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211053618
Tully, L. A., & Hunt, C. J. (2019). Parenting interventions for reducing child maltreatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Child Abuse Review, 28(3), 159-175. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2616
Ulman, A., & Straus, M. A. (2003). Violence by children against mothers in relation to violence between parents and corporal punishment by parents. Journal of comparative family studies, 34(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.34.1.41
 Vasel, G. (2024). Development of an intervention program for maternal abuse and its effectiveness on parenting adequacy, maternal abuse, and family cohesion (Doctoral dissertation, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz). (Persion)
Weaver, C. M., Cook, C. R., & Fite, P. J. (2018). Examining the impact of early intervention programs on parental practices and child aggression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(2), 302-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515600166
دوره 15، شماره 1
مرداد 1404
صفحه 1-18

  • تاریخ دریافت 01 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 28 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 مرداد 1404